EVOLUTION (Genetics and Evolution)
India Study Solution Biology Guide (Questions Bank)
TQ 1 (Q. No. 1-6)
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Evolution (NEET Syllabus): Origin of life; Evolution of Life Forms; Universe; Origin of Universe; Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution from Paleontology, Comparative Anatomy, Embryology and Molecular Evidence; Darwin’s Contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of Evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Lamarckism; Darwinism; Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Hardy-Weinberg’s Principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human Evolution.
Very
Short Answer Type Questions
Question.1: Define
fossils.
Question.2: Write name
of two Vestigial organ of human.
Question.3: Define
Genetic Drift.
Or,
The random changes in
the allele frequency occurring by chance alone are genetic drift.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question.4: What is
meant by analogous organ? Taking a suitable example, explain how they support
the theory of organic evolution.
Question.5: What is
speciation?
Question.6: Explain
Disruptive Nature of selection?
Answer 1: Fossils are
preserved remains, traces or prints of organism that lived in past.
Answer 2:
(i) Vermiform appendix, (ii)
Tail vertebrae.
Answer 3:
Genetic Drift: (Sewall Wright
effect)
"Drift is a
binomial sampling errors of the gene pool." Sampling errors (error in gene
pool of next generation mean gametic error) by chance often lead to the
elimination of certain alleles and fixation of other and it ultimately cause
the loss of genetic diversity.
Or,
The random changes in
the allele frequency occurring by chance alone are called genetic drift.
Answer 4: The
organs which have different developmental origin and structural design but
perform similar functions are called analogous organs. The wings of birds and
insects are analogous organs indicating that they have different ancestors but
show a convergent evolution.
Answer 5:
Speciation is formation of one or
more new species from pre-existing species. It can be of two types:
Allopatric speciation
When a population
formerly continuous in a range, splits into two or more geographically isolated
population and form new species. Eg.
Darwin finches, Marsupial radiation.
Sympatric speciation
When a population
reproductively isolated in midst of its parent population and form new species.
Sympatric speciation is the formation of a species within a single population
without geographical isolation.
Ex. Quated example of sympatric
speciation comes from polyploidy (when chromosome fails to segregate at meiosis
or replicate without undergoing mitosis).
Answer 6:
Disruptive Nature of Selection
Natural selection that
favours the extremes of a phenotype in a population. It often operates when
an environmental factor shows distinct variations, for example high
temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter with no intermediate
forms. In this case the population will be variously adapted to withstand both
high and low temperatures.
Genetics and Evolution - More Practice and Sample Questions with Answers
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